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mail, by telephone, or via the Internet.

the population as a whole (sampling bias), or the population is not represented (response bias).

Registries

Information used to collect disease-specific data for public health purposes, such as immunizations. CMS uses data from qualified clinical data registries (QCDRs) and qualified registries in the Quality Payment Program.

Includes detailed clinical information in structured fields.

High cost of use.

Typically limited to specific clinical areas.

Multiple data sources and care settings.

Unknown how registry requirements impact workflow.

Available for electronic upload.

Feasibility of data

collection is determined by the data requirements imposed by the registry.

Comments from Individual Patients

Referred to as anecdotal information, includes information on health care quality that is gathered informally.

Compelling to consumers to read about other people’s experiences.

Not an impartial assessment of health care quality.

Comments are not

Efficient means

collected systematically.

for conveying information and influencing people’s decisions and behaviors.

Not representative of the entire patient population. May have influence on people’s health care decisions.

Standardized

Nursing homes and home health agencies, are required (by CMS) to report information about the status of each patient at set time intervals.

Uses existing data

Limited topics of

Clinical Data

sets.

interest.

Characterizes facility performance in multiple domains of care.

Adapted from: (AHRQ, Data Sources for Health Care Quality Measures, 2018), (CMS, Quality Measures: How They are Developed, Used, & Maintained, 2022)

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