4.19.2023 Board Book

Endnotes

i Cite to AMA position statement on obesity as a disease – 2013 https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/ obesity?uri=%2FAMADoc%2FHOD.xml-0-3858.xml ii Ward ZJ, Bleich SN, Cradock AL, Barrett JL, Giles CM, Flax C, Long MW, Gortmaker SL. Projected U.S. State-Level Preva lence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 19;381(25):2440-2450. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1909301. PMID: 31851800 iii Brown A, Flint SW, Batterham RL. Pervasiveness, impact and implications of weight stigma. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Apr 21;47:101408. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101408. PMID: 35497065; PMCID: PMC9046114.; Müller TD, Blüher M, Tschöp MH, DiMarchi RD. Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2022 Mar;21(3):201-223. doi: 10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8. Epub 2021 Nov 23. PMID: 34815532; PMCID: PMC8609996. iv Hall KD, Kahan S. Maintenance of Lost Weight and Long-Term Management of Obesity. Med Clin North Am. 2018 Jan;102(1):183-197. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.012. PMID: 29156185; PMCID: PMC5764193. v Saunders KH, Igel LI, Aronne LJ. Telemedicine could be the solution to scaling obesity treatment. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Mar;30(3):573-574. doi: 10.1002/oby.23391. PMID: 35195365. vi Stop Obesity Alliance, “Federal Health Plans Step Up Coverage of Obesity Treatment,” February 29, 2022, accessed at https://stop.publichealth.gwu.edu/LFD-apr22#:~:text=A%20recent%20updated%20guidance%20sent,should%20 help%20in%20our%20efforts vii Recent media coverage of rising demand for anti-obesity medications and obesity medicine includes: Lisa Jarvis, “New Weight Loss Drugs Work, But Who’s Paying?”, Financial Advisor, November 9, 2022 ( accessed at https://www.fa-mag.com/ news/new-weight-loss-drugs-work--but-who-s-paying-70534.html ), and Karen Weintraub, “Weight loss treatment is on the verge of transformation. It’s not there yet. Here’s why,” USA Today, December 4, 2022, accessed at https://www.usato day.com/story/news/health/2022/12/04/weight-loss-treatment-medication-availability/10794568002/?gnt-cfr=1 viii Health Care Payment & Learning Action Network (HCP-LAN), Alternative Payment Model/APM Framework, 2017, accessed at https://hcp-lan.org/workproducts/apm-refresh-whitepaper-final.pdf ix Zvenyach T, Pickering MK. Health Care Quality: Measuring Obesity in Performance Frameworks. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Aug;25(8):1305-1312. doi: 10.1002/oby.21884. Epub 2017 Jun 24. PMID: 28646541. x Avalere Health, “Barriers to Obesity Care: Diagnostic Coding, Medical Billing and Reimbursement,” December 2022, ac cessed at https://avalere.com/insights/coding-billing-and-reimbursement-barriers-to-obesity-care xi American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, “New Study Finds Most Bariatric Surgeries Performed in North east, and Fewest in South Where Obesity Rates are Highest, and Economies are Weakest,” November 15, 2018, accessed at https://asmbs.org/articles/new-study-finds-most-bariatric-surgeries-performed-in-northeast-and-fewest-in-south where-obesity-rates-are-highest-and-economies-are-weakest ; McTigue KM, Wellman R, Nauman E, Anau J, Coley RY, Odor A, Tice J, Coleman KJ, Courcoulas A, Pardee RE, Toh S, Janning CD, Williams N, Cook A, Sturtevant JL, Horgan C, Arterburn D; PCORnet Bariatric Study Collaborative. Comparing the 5-Year Diabetes Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy and

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Envisioning Value-based Provider Payment for Obesity Treatment and Support